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翻譯大師教你學寫作-高分修辭篇 VIII

郭岱宗老師

 
       
   

細膩的文字帶來感動

粗枝大葉的丈夫,常令妻子不安;細心體貼的丈夫,則讓妻子感到溫暖。生澀粗嘎的音樂,常令人心神難寧;細緻典雅的音樂,則令人陶醉。英文作文完全一樣,細膩貼切的文筆立刻為作品帶來令人樂於細細品味的質感。

細膩的文筆從何而來?

其實在寫英文作文時,只要做到以下幾點,每一個人都可以擁有絕佳的文筆:

  1. 字彙要細膩精巧
    前面已經舉出英文作文最常見到的慣用語,我們隨後將立刻更進一步,直接用替換法,示範如何讓我們的字彙變得更精緻巧妙。
  2. 寫作要有感情
    不帶感情而寫出的歌曲,難以感動人;不帶感情而演出的電影,也難以感動人。寫作何能例外?文章就像是一場演說、甚至是一篇告白,它和讀者應當有濃郁的 心靈溝通 。 不用感情而寫出的文章,連自己都不覺感動,又如何能夠撥動別人的心靈之弦呢?
  3. 思想要純正
    一個長相美麗、打扮精緻的女孩,如果沒有一個高貴的靈魂,就不會吸引人。同樣地,再優美的字彙詞藻,再細膩的感情,如果思想不正(例如怨天尤人、傳達不道德的看法、自私、狹隘、抄襲),就絕對無法展現令人 如沐春風 的氣質,寫了還不如不寫!

以下僅提供數例,讀者總是要多讀書,吸取更多優美的字彙,只要努力,每一位讀者都做得到。

換成高手用字2-善用複合形容詞(Compound Adjectives)
形容詞在用字遣詞上佔極重要的地位。其實,除了單字之外,複合字也是非常有力的形容詞。以下是很實用的複合形容詞,讀者要記起來。

涵蓋範圍很廣的

wide-ranging

例:The plague, which covers a wide area, has killed 220 people.

改為

The wide-ranging plague has caused 220 fatalities.

全國的

nation-wide

例:These contests are conducted throughout the whole country, and many people are participating.

改為

These nation-wide contests have drawn numerous participants.

解決麻煩的

trouble-shooting

例:He always knows how to solve problems.

改為

He is good at trouble-shooting . ( 或 He is a good trouble-shooter.)

破紀錄的

record-breaking

例:His speed has broken the record. It only took him three minutes to complete the event.

改為

His record-breaking speed was three minutes.

高調的

high-profile

例:Her high position in the government draws a lot of public attention.

改為

She has a high-profile government position.

低調的

low-profile

例: In order to protect yourself, try not to draw too much attention to yourself.

改為

Keeping your actions low-profile is a good idea.

職位高的

high-ranking

例: He has a very high position in the government.

改為

He is a high-ranking official.

全面性的

cross-the-board; full-scale

例:Please prepare this completely.

改為

Please make full-scale preparations.

危機重重的

crisis-ridden

例:The country is faced with many crises.

改為

The country is crisis-ridden .

飽受戰爭之害的

war-ridden

例:The Middle East has long suffered from wars.

改為

The Middle East is war-ridden .

債台高築的

debt-ridden

例: He owes people a lot of money.

改為

He is heavily debt-ridden .

是非分明的;
寫得清清楚楚的

black-and-white

例:What can and can't be done is written very clearly.

改為

The musts and mustn'ts are written in black and white.
              (名詞,中間不加 hyphen)

久被擱置的

long-stalled

例:He has delayed this proposal, which should be turned in tomorrow.

改為

This long-stalled proposal is due tomorrow.

以家庭為重的

family-oriented

例: In my sister's heart, nothing is more important than her family.

改為

My sister is family-oriented.

以事業為重的

career-oriented

例:John does everything for his career.

改為

John is career-oriented.

人口稀少的
(國家或地區)

sparsely-populated

例:Even though there aren't many people in the country, all of them look very happy.

改為

People in this sparsely-populated country seem content.

人口眾多的

heavily-populated

例:There are so many people living in India; meanwhile, India is becoming prosperous.

改為

Heavily-populated India is prospering.

彌補缺失的

fence-mending

例: We need several methods to solve this problem.

改為

Several fence-mending measures are required.

填鴨式的

force-fed

例: If students learn in a forced way, they will not be able to think creatively.

改為

Forced-fed education deprives students of their originality.

 

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