1 their apparent lack of movement, sponges were regarded as plants by most early naturalists. Now 2 , zoologists regard them as either members of the animal subkingdom Parazoa or as closely related to coelenterates like jellyfish and coral. 3 a mass of cells and fibers. Its interior is permeated by an intricate system of canals that open out as holes of various sizes, like outsized human pores, through the tough skin. The skin is often, 4 not always, hairy from the fiber endings that pierce it. Only when the millions of living cells are completely removed 5 the ocean sponge look anything like the commercial sponges we are accustomed to: the sponge's skeletal framework that has been used by man since at least the time of ancient Greece . 1. (A) Because of (B) Because (C) In spite of (D) Although 2. (A) therefore (B) even though (C) however (D) only if 3. (A) A sponge is (B) Sponges are (C) The sponge has (D) The sponges have 4. (A) instead (B) though (C) rather (D) besides 5. (A) are (B) is (C) do (D) does 解析: 1. 由空格後出現的名詞片語 "their apparent lack of movement"( 它們【指海綿】明顯缺乏移動 ) 可知,空格中應填入的是「介系詞 」,因此用來引導「子句」的連接詞選項 (B) Because ( 因為 ) 與 (D) Although ( 雖然 ) 可先排除。而由前後文意「海綿之所以被視為是植物的原因是『由於』它們缺乏移動」來看,選項 (C) In spite of ( 儘管 ) 的邏輯不通。正確答案為 (A) Because of ( 由於 ) 。 2. 由前一句提到的「海綿被多數早期的博物學家視為植物」以及本句的重點「現代的動物學家把它們視為側身動物 (Parazoa) 或腔腸動物 (Coelenterates) 」來判斷,二者間最合理的「啟承轉合」應該是「連接副詞」 (C) however ( 然而 ) 。 選項 (A) therefore ( 因此 ) 亦屬「連接副詞」,但邏輯意義不通。選項 (B) even though ( 即便 ) 、 (D) only if ( 只要 ) 皆屬「從屬連接詞」,文法與邏輯皆誤。 3. 首先 , 由空格後的 "a mass"( 一團 ) 及下一句句首的 "Its"( 它的 ) 可以推斷,空格中缺乏的「主詞+動詞」結構應選用「單數」形式,因此「複數」形式的 (B) Sponges are 與 (D) The sponges have 可先排除。其次,由句意來看,本句要說明的是海綿本身的「組織結構為何」,而非海綿「擁有什麼」,因此正確答案為 (A) A sponge is 而不是 (C) The sponge has 。【注意, "A sponge" 是以「單數」表示「全體」的用法。 】 4. 空格後的 "not always"( 並非永遠 ) 屬副詞結構,因此同屬副詞的選項 (A) instead ( 代替 ) 、 (C) rather ( 寧可 ) 與 (D) besides ( 此外 ) 明顯皆非正確選項。本題應選連接詞 (B) though ( 雖然 ) ,而 "though not always" 其實是 "though it is not always" 的省略式。 5. 由出現在句首位置的「副詞子句」 "Only when the millions of living cells are completely removed"( 只有在千百萬個活體細胞被移除的情況下 ) 可知,本句屬「倒裝」句型,真正的主詞是空格後的 "the ocean sponge"( 海洋中的海綿 ) 。而由於主詞為單數型,因此複數動詞 (A) are 與 (C) do 可先排除。接著,由出現在主詞 "the ocean sponge" 之後的普通動詞 "look"( 看起來 ) 即可知, "be" 動詞選項 (B) is 亦為錯誤。本題應選 (D) does 才符合「倒裝」之需要。【 注意,本句之 "the ocean sponge" 亦屬以「單數」代表「全體」的表達方式。】 |