英文寫作中,學生們常使用所學的片語(慣用語)在各段落中當作一個句子的起頭,高頻運用在陳述意見、解釋原因、表達因果關係、重述論點的重要性或強調重點和舉例(提供細節),除了欲展現更強烈的表達句意的語氣外,也希望增加文章的流暢度跟所謂作文中起承轉合的串連。但文喬老師教學數年來,常看到的不僅是同學們重複的不斷使用General(一般用字)的字詞,如:I believe、I suggest、In general、First of all…Second…Next…Lastly…,卻不懂得使用Advanced alternatives(進階選擇替換語)。
文喬老師簡略整理16大類寫作常用訊號字比較,讓同學們在寫作中可以輕鬆運用!
PART 1: 陳述意見、解釋原因、設立條件、提供資訊、述說事件、重述重點、因果關係、時間關係
1、To give an opinion(陳述意見)
General(一般用字)
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Advanced alternatives(進階選擇)
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I believe…(我相信⋯⋯)
I consider…(我認為⋯⋯)
I personally think that…(我個人認為⋯⋯)
I’d prefer…(我偏好⋯⋯)
In my opinion…(在我看來⋯⋯)
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I am convinced that…(我相信⋯⋯)
I hold that…(我堅信⋯⋯)
I deem…(我視⋯⋯為⋯⋯)
I assert…(我堅持⋯⋯)
As far as I’m concerned…(就⋯⋯而言⋯⋯)
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2、To state the reason(解釋原因)
General(一般用字)
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Advanced alternatives(進階選擇)
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There are various reasons why…
(關於⋯⋯有數個原因⋯⋯)
There are several explanations for…
(關於⋯⋯有數個解釋⋯⋯)
There are many positive reasons for…
(關於⋯⋯有很多正面的理由⋯⋯)
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We must draw attention to…
(我們要注意⋯⋯)
We should not overlook…
(我們不能忽略⋯⋯)
The important point to note is…
(要注意的要點是⋯⋯)
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3、To set up a condition(設立條件)
General(一般用字)
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Advanced alternatives(進階選擇)
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If…(假若⋯⋯)
Even if…(即便⋯⋯)
If I could…(若我可以⋯⋯)
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Whether or not…(不論⋯⋯)
This might cause…(這可能會⋯⋯)
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4、To add extra information(提供更多資訊)
General(一般用字)
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Advanced alternatives(進階選擇)
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First of all… Second… Next… Lastly…
(首先⋯⋯ 第二⋯⋯接著⋯⋯最後⋯⋯)
In addition…(除此之外⋯⋯)
And… then…(接著⋯⋯)
There are three reasons why…
(對此原因有三⋯⋯)
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Still less, …(還有⋯⋯)
And that is not all.(還不僅如此⋯⋯)
More examples can be found in…
(還有更多例子⋯⋯)
Not only… but also…
(不僅⋯⋯還⋯⋯)
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5、To generalize(述說一般事件)
General(一般用字)
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Advanced alternatives(進階選擇)
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Overall…(總的來說⋯⋯)
In general…(一般說來⋯⋯)
Generally speaking…(一般來看⋯⋯)
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Broadly speaking…(大抵上⋯⋯)
Strictly speaking…(嚴格來說⋯⋯)
It goes without saying that…
(不可否認地⋯⋯)
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6、To restate an Argument(重述論點)
General(一般用字)
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Advanced alternatives(進階選擇)
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To repeat…(再一次⋯⋯)
In other words…(也就是說⋯⋯)
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To put it differently…
(換個方式來說⋯⋯)
Let me stress again that…
(容我再度強調⋯⋯)
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7、To show cause/effect(顯示因果關係)
General(一般用字)
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Advanced alternatives(進階選擇)
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To repeat…(再一次⋯⋯)
In other words…(也就是說⋯⋯)
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To put it differently…
(換個方式來說⋯⋯)
Let me stress again that…
(容我再度強調⋯⋯)
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8、To show time relationships(顯示時間之關係)
General(一般用字)
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Advanced alternatives(進階選擇)
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At first…(最初⋯⋯)
Immediately…(立即⋯⋯)
Then…(接著⋯⋯)
Later…(後來⋯⋯)
Afterwards…(隨後⋯⋯)
Before…(之前⋯⋯)
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… to date(現今⋯⋯)
At present…(目前⋯⋯)
At the present stage…(現階段⋯⋯)
Currently…(目前⋯⋯)
Last but not least…(最後⋯⋯)
For the time being…(就目前來說⋯⋯)
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下一回 PART 2:對立意見、強調重點、表明偏好、顯示相同點、顯示目的、舉例/提供細節、描述問題點、做結論
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